CAT(1)

NAME
cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

SYNOPSIS
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

-A, --show-all
    equivalent to -vET

-b, --number-nonblank
    number nonempty output lines, overrides -n

-e  equivalent to -vE

-E, --show-ends
    display $ at end of each line

-n, --number
    number all output lines

-s, --squeeze-blank
    suppress repeated empty output lines

-t  equivalent to -vT

-T, --show-tabs
    display TAB characters as ^I

-u  (ignored)

-v, --show-nonprinting
    use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB

--help
    display this help and exit

--version
    output version information and exit

EXAMPLES

cat f - g
    Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.

cat Copy standard input to standard output.

AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.

REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

SEE ALSO
tac(1)

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cat>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cat invocation'

Packaged by Ubuntu (9.7-3ubuntu2)
Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.